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Sir George Cayley, 6th Baronet (27 December 1773 – 15 December 1857) was a prolific English engineer and is one of the most important people in the history of aeronautics. Many consider him to be the first true scientific aerial investigator and the first person to understand the underlying principles and forces of flight.〔 *(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.flyingmachines.org/cayl.html ) *(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/hargrave/cayley.html ) *(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Prehistory/Cayley/PH2.htm )〕 In 1799 he set forth the concept of the modern aeroplane as a fixed-wing flying machine with separate systems for lift, propulsion, and control.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.aviation-history.com/early/cayley.htm )〕 〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/100795/Sir-George-Cayley-6th-Baronet )〕 He was a pioneer of aeronautical engineering and is sometimes referred to as "the father of aviation",〔 Designer of the first glider to carry a human being aloft, he discovered and identified the four aerodynamic forces of flight, which act on any flying vehicle: weight, lift, drag, and thrust. Modern aeroplane design is based on those discoveries, and also on the importance of cambered wings, also identified by Cayley. He worked over half a century before the development of powered flight; his importance was acknowledged by the Wright brothers.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/hargrave/cayley.html )〕〔Dee, Richard. () Retrieved: 30 May 2010.〕 He constructed the first flying model aeroplane and also diagrammed the elements of vertical flight.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Dictionary/Cayley/DI15.htm ) 〕 Cayley represented the Whig party as Member of Parliament for Scarborough from 1832 to 1835, and in 1838 helped found the UK's first Polytechnic Institute, the Royal Polytechnic Institution (now University of Westminster) and served as its chairman for many years. He was a founding member of the British Association for the Advancement of Science and was a distant cousin of the mathematician Arthur Cayley. ==General engineering projects== Cayley, from Brompton-by-Sawdon, near Scarborough in Yorkshire, inherited Brompton Hall and Wydale Hall and other estates on the death of his father, the 5th baronet. Captured by the optimism of the times, he engaged in a wide variety of engineering projects. Among the many things that he developed are self-righting lifeboats, tension-spoke wheels, 〔In his notebook, dated March 19, 1808, Cayley proposed that in order to produce "the lightest possible wheel for aerial navigation cars," one should "do away with wooden spokes altogether and refer the whole firmness of the wheel to the strength of the rim only, by the intervention of tight strong cording … " See: J.A.D. Ackroyd (2011) ("Sir George Cayley: The invention of the aeroplane near Scarborough at the time of Trafalgar," ) ''Journal of Aeronautical History'' (publication ), paper no. 6, pages 130–181. Cayley's tension-spoke wheel appears on page 152, "3.7 The Tension Wheel, 1808".〕 the "Universal Railway" (his term for caterpillar tractors),〔("Sir George Cayley's patent universal railway," ) ''Mechanics' Magazine'', 5 (127) : 225–227 (Jan. 28, 1826).〕 automatic signals for railway crossings,〔George Cayley (February 13, 1841) ("Essay on the means of promoting safety in railway carriages," ) ''Mechanics' Magazine'', 34 (914) : 129–133. See also letters in reply on pages 180–181.〕 seat belts, small scale helicopters, and a kind of prototypical internal combustion engine fuelled by gunpowder. He suggested that a more practical engine might be made using gaseous vapours rather than gunpowder, thus foreseeing the modern internal combustion engine.〔Raleigh, W; ''The War in the Air, Vol. 1'', Clarendon 1922.〕 He also contributed in the fields of prosthetics, air engines, electricity, theatre architecture, ballistics, optics and land reclamation, and held the belief that these advancements should be freely available.〔Ackroyd, J.A.D. (Sir George Cayley, the father of Aeronautics ) ''Notes Rec. R. Soc. Lond. 56 (2), 167–181'' (2002). Retrieved: 29 May 2010.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「George Cayley」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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